Ways of Chinese granite mining

China is the world's reserves of granite, granite raw material consumption is also the first in the world. Considerable part of the mining companies "take advantage" China's abundant granite resources, excessive digging, uncontrolled, destructive, or even destructive to plunder resources, and granite as a large number of non-renewable resources are wasted, leading to some outstanding granite resources in China is nearly exhausted. Due to various reasons, resulting in disorderly exploitation of mines, while in the destruction of forest vegetation, granite dust generated by processing, waste water (mortar) and the noise, exacerbated by environmental degradation; same lack of attention to safety and exploitation of the mining process of improper has resulted in numerous accidents, and can not help but Heart Han Li.

    Mining method

    More developed countries in foreign countries, in order to improve the finished product rate, most advanced stepped mechanized mining, such as marble using diamond wire saw, granite cutting with flame, although in the finished product rate has improved to some extent, but because high cost of mining in our country only a few large enterprises to apply, the majority of SMEs still lack access to promotion.

    At present, most due to lack of funds granite mines, mining equipment, with far behind, only small mines with family hand-mining methods, the main equipment for the hand drill, hoist crane (or other manual lifting equipment), traction winch, and some strength varying slightly stronger with the old and new loaders, bulldozers, air compressor (mostly diesel power), and some old truck cranes, etc., and the exploitation of foreign advanced equipment with German far apart. Currently only a few mines in the country to use advanced mining equipment and a more rational exploitation of technology, such as in Shandong Rongcheng Shidao red products mines, the use of Diamond Wire Saw mining, as well as the mining application of gunpowder flame cutting machine Add row hole blasting a combination of mining methods (Fujian and Shandong with the majority of granite mine), but most domestic mines still use outdated, inefficient, low rate method of mining blocks, resulting in a large number of resources have been a complete granite damage, sad waste of resources.

    Mine are usually of small size granite surface covered with artificial stripping drilling → → mechanical or manual separation of explosives, blasting of Hole → Rock a good selection of granite fragmentation hand-shaping blocks → → waste discharge in situ mining methods, mining of these mines The existence of a hidden crack Erzhi blocks to board the low rate of poor sales and the lowest blocks. In some mining areas akin to finding steep, or even a mountain chamber blasting mining methods, such as many of the marble mines of Baoxing heat due to the steep mountain, the construction of mining roads more difficult and costly, so use more Chamber Blasting mining methods. Often a half-chamber blasting to Zhata Block km high mountain, the whole valley is filled with many large granites (more than great in the Articles) are buried in a huge explosion and can not clean out the heap, rubble and then to pick some of the more large blocks were divided into blocks rate of less than 5%, and most of the rocks are blown cracked, very serious waste of resources. Worth celebrating is that developers have started using conditional most advanced mining methods of the chamber. The previous stage somewhere in Hubei Granite red stripe was also prepared to chamber blasting the way for mining, and I even had firmly opposed to an identification of resources not to waste tens or hundreds of square expected to spend hundreds of tons of explosives blind exploitation, not only money and time, the damage on the blocks is very large, two chamber blasting on the roads, communication facilities, mineral resources, water resources and cultural landscape surrounding environment (mine sites located in the scenic region) into the direct economic losses so enormous damage, which is worth the candle.

    There was foreign experts to visit China after the evaluation of granite mining site says mining site in Western developed countries, looks like a "tall building" site, while a similar base in China's mine "archaeological site." This means that the granite is mined countries drawn from top to bottom layer, which can fully utilize resources, but also the entire mining more material; and exploitation of Chinese mining large only near the surface of the granite, or more likely the mountains mining the granite, and "shot for a place, look for a deep-fried mountain", after the mine was dug hard to continue mining.

    Government in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan and some other granite resources are relatively rich regions, some local governments instant success, resource development in the granite holding the "fast flow of water" concept of development and the performance concept, only the immediate, do not look long-term, not only pay attention to protection of resources, and use of resources as a bargaining counter, cheap way to attract investment, eager to resources within the area under the jurisdiction into economic advantages, in some places even the violation of national laws and regulations, develop mines, leading to lack of government, regional Industry confusion. Such as the early 90s of last century granite industry had just begun Cenxi, the Government made "no matter what, as long as we welcome the development of granite mining," the slogan, uncontrolled dissemination of mining permits. Government taxes and fees just received, and the question of how reasonable development, but laissez-faire. This led to extensive exploitation of mining enterprises was cut-throat competition, rampant evil forces.

    Mine safety

    In the mining process, the indiscriminate discharge of stripping and mining waste rock covering a large number of waste accumulation in the mines around the face, causing a large number of mine waste rock waste can not continue to pressure the phenomenon of exploitation, greatly reducing the service life of the mine, but also serious waste ore resources. This phenomenon is prevalent in many granite mines, especially small-scale mining in the family, the collective-type mines in the more serious.

    Meanwhile, the indiscriminate discharge of waste rock waste mine also significant changes in the surrounding environment, such as the destruction of water sources led to the deterioration of water quality, so that local residents have difficulty in a variety of water; soil erosion caused by landslides caused farmland, farmhouses damaged, planting fall crops ; sediment accumulation of human and animal safety back downstream into a huge direct economic losses caused by problems, Fujian Lin Fuding White Town "Fuding black" mine, mine because a number of mining, there is no residue stacking space, stripping the waste piling up everywhere, occurred in 1998 caused a serious landslide events, millions of cubic meters of sludge and rubble will be a moment of buried villages, the death toll reached 18. A similar incident in Shandong, Hebei, Fujian, Sichuan, almost all provinces in the country occurs every granite, due to changes in the environment, to the local people brought serious disaster, enterprises should also pay a painful price.

    In recent years, lack of attention to safe production in mines caused the mine is to occur. In 2004, Sichuan "Baoxing white" collapse of a mine incident occurred, in which 12 people were buried, 7 people were killed and 5 missing. Two or three years, the river by "Chengde Yan Mountain Green" occurred more explosive mines, lifting equipment failure, landslides, transport equipment out of control events, casualties and property damage. Laizhou, Shandong, Fujian Jinjiang casualties also occurred in a vicious accident. Lead to accidents and a variety of reasons, the final analysis, security awareness is weak, the daily of the stope mining, blasting materials, mining equipment, use and inspection, maintenance is not enough, security risks are not immediately removed, while others too close to the adjacent mine mutual effects. "Non-coal mines," After the implementation of safety production license system, security awareness has been some strengthening, but the historical distribution of granite mines cause unreasonable interference ore and mining, the situation of interaction has not changed, mine planted in the security The risks are not radical, safety has been a major problem facing the mining enterprise.

    Permit application is difficult

    Most small mining enterprises in China to get the mining license valid for only 3 to 5 years, mine development, the average contract period is short, leading enterprises are unwilling to make too much of the pre-investment, but desperately predatory development.

    A home in the granite mining industry for about a difficult experience in granite mining permit. Two years ago, he was preparing in his home with several of the granite mining, but to the relevant departments to complete the formalities only to find, apply for a mining permit approval process required under various names, were to go through geological exploration, bidding, evaluation reserves , development and utilization of design, environmental assessment, geological hazards assessment, safety assessment, land acquisition procedures, cut down trees around the forestry sector assessment, evaluation, and more than 10 soil and water conservation assessment of all sizes, consuming at least 1 to 3 years. And the fees are not bandits, only the cost of the assessment he spent nearly one million.

    "We also know that exploitation of these non-renewable resources, government departments in a responsible manner for future generations should be cautious, but the red tape for businesses is really unbearable. We hope that through regular legal channels to get a mining permit how's that hard? Now, some mining companies, many undocumented, we do not want to do that, we hope that through legal channels, legitimate business interests deserved. Why not give us the relevant authorities to open the door to open it? "the entrepreneur about the accreditation within 2 years of experience is very helpless.